
Shipping goods from China to Chile is a crucial aspect of international trade, offering various options to meet diverse business needs. Whether you’re looking to ship via air freight, sea freight, or express shipping, each method provides unique benefits depending on factors like delivery speed, cost, and cargo volume. Air freight is ideal for time-sensitive shipments, providing fast delivery but at a higher cost. Sea freight, on the other hand, is perfect for larger volumes of goods, offering a more cost-effective solution for bulk shipments. Express shipping combines speed with convenience, perfect for smaller, urgent deliveries. Understanding the different shipping options available helps businesses optimize their supply chain, ensuring timely and efficient delivery from China to Chile.
Freight Shipping Cost from China to Chile

Overview of Costs by Shipping Mode
Understanding the expenses tied to different shipping methods is essential for effective logistics management.
Shipping Mode | Cost | Ideal For | Description |
FCL (20-foot container) | $2,260 | Large shipments | Offers dedicated use of a 20-foot container, ensuring the secure transport of bulk goods. |
FCL (40-foot container) | $2,950 | Very large shipments | Provides exclusive use of a 40-foot container, offering superior cost efficiency for substantial volumes. |
Air Freight | $10 per kilogram | Time-sensitive, high-value items | The quickest shipping option, perfect for urgent and valuable goods that require fast delivery. |
Estimating Shipping Costs and Effective Budgeting
The costs for Full Container Load (FCL) shipments by sea to Valparaiso and San Antonio have seen a slight reduction compared to previous months:
- FCL (20-foot container): $2,260
- FCL (40-foot container): $2,950
Air freight charges for shipments exceeding 1000 kg to Guarulhos (GRU) are currently priced at $10 per kilogram, with typical transit times ranging from 4 to 5 days.
Understanding Import Tax and Duties

Impact of Import Taxes on Overall Shipping Costs
Import taxes and duties can substantially raise the total shipping cost when importing goods from China to Chile. The main components of these costs are:
Value Added Tax (VAT): Chile applies a 19% VAT on the CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) value of imported goods. For example, for a shipment with a CIF value of $10,000, the VAT would amount to $1,900.
Customs Duties: These vary between 6% and 10% of the goods’ value, depending on the product type. For example, electronics may incur a 10% duty, while clothing may face a 6% duty. For a $10,000 shipment of electronics, the customs duty could be $1,000.
Additional Fees: These fees may include charges for customs processing, brokerage services, and inspections, typically ranging from $100 to $500.
Product Category | VAT (Value Added Tax) | Customs Duties | Example Cost for $10,000 Shipment |
Electronics | 19% | 10% | $1,900 VAT + $1,000 Duty = $2,900 |
Clothing | 19% | 6% | $1,900 VAT + $600 Duty = $2,500 |
Furniture | 19% | 8% | $1,900 VAT + $800 Duty = $2,700 |
Toys | 19% | 5% | $1,900 VAT + $500 Duty = $2,400 |
Automotive Parts | 19% | 7% | $1,900 VAT + $700 Duty = $2,600 |
The overall import cost depends on the value of the goods, their classification under the Harmonized System (HS) codes, and the shipping terms. Being aware of these charges enables businesses to better estimate expenses and avoid unexpected fees.
Navigating Legal Compliance in International Shipping
Ensuring legal compliance when importing goods from China to Chile involves several essential steps:
- Classifying Goods: Properly assign Harmonized System (HS) codes to your products. Incorrect classification may lead to penalties and delays. For example, misclassifying electronics could result in fines or even seizure of goods.
- Declaring Value: It is crucial to declare the correct value of goods on all required documents. Undervaluing goods can lead to severe penalties and increased scrutiny by customs authorities.
- Required Documentation: Make sure to prepare and submit all necessary documentation, such as commercial invoices, packing lists, and bills of lading.
Understanding Regulations: Stay updated on Chilean import regulations, which may include restrictions on specific items or requirements for special permits. - Streamlining Customs Clearance: Collaborate with experienced freight forwarders and customs brokers to facilitate the paperwork and ensure smooth customs clearance. Utilizing digital tools, like customs clearance software, can speed up the process.
By following these steps, businesses can avoid fines, delays, and goods confiscation, resulting in a more efficient import process and enhanced management of international logistics.
Shipping from China to Chile: Transit Times

Transit Times by Shipping Mode
When shipping from China to Chile, transit times differ depending on the chosen transportation method. Below is a comparison:
Shipping Mode | Transit Time | Ideal For |
Sea Freight (LCL) | 40 to 45 days | Smaller shipments that do not fill a full container |
Sea Freight (FCL) | 40 to 45 days | Larger shipments with dedicated containers for faster processing |
Air Freight | 7 to 8 days | Time-sensitive, light shipments |
Express Shipping | 7 to 10 days | Urgent deliveries requiring quick transit |
Shippers should select the appropriate mode based on their time constraints and the type of goods being shipped. For example, air freight may be preferred for electronics requiring quick market access, while bulk items such as machinery would likely be shipped via sea.
Mitigating Factors Affecting Transit Times
Factors Affecting Transit Times and Mitigation Strategies
Several factors can influence the transit times of shipments from China to Chile:
Weather Conditions: Adverse weather, such as storms or rough seas, can delay sea freight. For example, during the Pacific typhoon season, transit times may be extended by several days.
Port Congestion: Busy ports can cause delays. Major Chinese ports like Shanghai and Shenzhen often experience congestion, which may add 1-2 weeks to the transit time.
Customs Delays: Slow customs clearance can delay shipments. Ensuring that all documentation is accurate and complete can help minimize these delays.
Logistics Chain Efficiency: Disruptions in the supply chain due to poor coordination can cause delays. Collaborating with trusted freight forwarders can improve the management and timely delivery of shipments.
Mitigation Strategies:
Choosing the Appropriate Shipping Mode: Select a shipping mode that balances both cost and speed to meet your requirements.
Partnering with Reliable Partners: Work with experienced freight forwarders who have a proven track record in managing international shipments efficiently.
Understanding Customs Requirements: Ensure all necessary documentation is prepared properly to prevent delays during customs processing. This includes accurate classification, correct valuation, and complete paperwork.
By considering these factors and implementing effective mitigation strategies, shippers can ensure on-time delivery and optimize their logistics processes when shipping goods from China to Chile.
Door to Door Shipping from China to Chile
Advantages of Door-to-Door Services\
Door-to-door shipping offers significant advantages when transporting goods from China to Chile. These services take care of all logistics aspects, providing a smooth experience from pickup in China to delivery in Chile. Key benefits include:
- Simplified Logistics: Door-to-door services manage the entire shipping process, reducing complexity for businesses. This includes coordinating with multiple carriers, handling customs clearance, and ensuring timely delivery. For example, a company shipping electronics can rely on these services to manage the intricate logistics, saving time and avoiding internal complications.
- Reduced Handling of Goods: With fewer touchpoints, the risk of damage or loss is minimized. Fewer handlings ensure greater security of shipments. For instance, a door-to-door service may involve only the shipper, customs agent, and final delivery driver, compared to traditional shipping, which may require multiple transfers.
- Potentially Lower Overall Shipping Costs: By preventing hidden fees and minimizing delays, door-to-door services can lead to cost savings. For example, avoiding port demurrage charges and ensuring smooth customs clearance can significantly reduce expenses. A holistic approach typically improves efficiency and results in cost reductions.
Choosing the Right Door-to-Door Service
Selecting the right door-to-door service provider is critical for smooth operations. Platforms like Guanwutong simplify this process by offering access to a range of service providers. Key factors to consider include:
- Reliability: Seek providers with a proven history of timely deliveries and positive feedback. Reliable providers ensure professional handling of shipments. For instance, a provider with a 98% on-time delivery rate can be considered dependable.
- Cost: Compare quotes from different providers to find competitive pricing. While cost is important, it should not be the sole consideration. Ensure a balance between cost and service quality. For example, a provider might charge $1,000 for a shipment but offer superior service compared to one charging $900.
- Service Coverage: Confirm that the provider covers all necessary routes and can manage both ends of the logistics process. Providers with broad network coverage offer greater flexibility. For example, a provider servicing multiple ports in both China and Chile will offer more efficient routing options.
- Expertise in Customs and Regulatory Requirements: Choose providers with expertise in customs clearance and regulatory compliance. They should be familiar with the required documentation and regulations. For instance, a provider experienced in shipping electronics will know the specific import requirements for these items.
Using Guanwutong’s platform can streamline the selection process, allowing businesses to read reviews, compare services, and directly communicate with potential providers. By utilizing resources from Alibaba, businesses can find reputable service providers tailored to their needs, ensuring efficient and seamless shipping operations.
Sea Freight from China to Chile

Benefits of LCL and FCL Shipping
Using sea freight to transport goods from China to Chile offers an affordable solution, particularly with Less than Container Load (LCL) and Full Container Load (FCL) options.
Shipping Mode | Cost (January 2025) | Transit Time | Ideal For |
FCL (20-foot container) | $2,260 | 40-45 days | Large shipments with a lower cost per unit |
FCL (40-foot container) | $2,950 | 40-45 days | Very large shipments, providing maximum cost-efficiency |
Sea freight is the most cost-effective method for transporting large quantities of goods, especially when urgency is not a key factor.
Selecting a Sea Freight Forwarder and Top Shipping Routes
Choosing the right sea freight forwarder is essential for ensuring a smooth, efficient, and affordable shipping process. When evaluating a forwarder, consider the following:
- Industry Reputation: Seek out forwarders with strong reviews and a history of successful deliveries.
- Service Offerings: Ensure they offer a full range of services, including handling customs procedures and documentation.
- Expertise: Opt for forwarders with experience in the China-Chile trade route.
- Network of Routes: A forwarder with a well-established network will provide better pricing and dependability.
Shanghai to Valparaiso:
- Cost: FCL approximately $2,260 – $2,950 per 20-foot or 40-foot container
- Transit Time: Around 40-45 days
Shenzhen to San Antonio:
- Cost: FCL approximately $2,260 – $2,950 per 20-foot or 40-foot container
- Transit Time: Around 40-45 days
Air Freight from China to Chile
Aspect | Details |
Cost | $10 per kilogram |
Transit Time | 7-8 days |
Advantages and Considerations of Air Freight
Air freight provides distinct advantages for shipping goods from China to Chile, primarily due to its speed and reliability. With typical transit times of 7-8 days, it is the fastest shipping method available. This speed is especially important for time-sensitive and high-value goods. Products such as electronics, medical supplies, and fashion items often depend on air freight for prompt delivery.
However, there are several factors to consider:
- Cost: Air freight is considerably more expensive than sea freight, with rates for January 2025 averaging $10 per kilogram.
- Weight and Volume: Air freight costs are determined by both the weight and volume of the goods, which can result in higher costs for bulkier items.
- Suitable Goods: Air freight is most suitable for urgent, perishable, or high-value items, where the need for quick delivery justifies the higher expense.
Choosing the Right Air Freight Forwarder
Selecting the right air freight forwarder is crucial to ensuring a smooth and efficient shipping process. When evaluating potential forwarders, consider the following factors:
- Experience and Reputation: Look for a forwarder with a strong track record and positive reviews. A reputable forwarder with experience in international air freight will ensure reliable and timely deliveries.
- Global Network: Choose a forwarder with an extensive network of carriers and partners, as this will provide better flexibility and more reliable service across various routes.
- Customs Expertise: The ideal forwarder should be knowledgeable about customs regulations and procedures, helping to avoid delays and ensure smooth customs clearance at both ends of the shipment.
- Customer Service: Exceptional customer service is important for handling any issues that arise during the shipping process. A responsive forwarder can help quickly resolve problems and keep shipments on track.
- Cost Transparency: Ensure the forwarder provides clear, upfront pricing with no hidden fees. Compare quotes from different providers to find a balance between cost and service quality.
China’s Principal airports
- Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) – Beijing
- One of the busiest airports in the world, serving as the main international gateway to China.
- Located in the capital, Beijing, it is a major hub for international flights.
- Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG) – Shanghai
- Located in the financial center of China, it is a major international airport, particularly for flights to and from East Asia.
- Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (CAN) – Guangzhou
- Serving the southern region of China, it is one of the busiest airports in China and a key international and domestic hub.
- Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport (CTU) – Chengdu
- Located in the southwestern region of China, it is an important hub for flights within China and to nearby countries.
- Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport (SZX) – Shenzhen
- This airport serves the fast-growing city of Shenzhen, a major tech hub near Hong Kong.
- Hongqiao International Airport (SHA) – Shanghai
- Serving the Shanghai area, it is mostly used for domestic flights and shorter regional routes.
- Xi’an Xianyang International Airport (XIY) – Xi’an
- Serving the city of Xi’an, an important city in the historical Silk Road, this airport caters to domestic and some international flights.
- Kunming Changshui International Airport (KMG) – Kunming
- Located in southwestern China, it serves as a hub for flights to Southeast Asia and the rest of China.
- Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport (CKG) – Chongqing
- Serving the southwestern city of Chongqing, it is a significant domestic airport and an emerging international hub.
Chile’s Principal airports
Chile’s principal airports include:
- Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport (SCL) – Santiago (Main hub).
- Diego Aracena International Airport (IQQ) – Iquique.
- Andrés Sabella International Airport (ANF) – Antofagasta.
- Carriel Sur International Airport (CCP) – Concepción.
- El Tepual International Airport (PMC) – Puerto Montt.
- Mataveri International Airport (IPC) – Easter Island (Rapa Nui).
- La Araucanía International Airport (ZCO) – Temuco.
- Cañal Bajo Carlos Hott Siebert Airport (ZOS) – Osorno.
- Balmaceda Airport (BBA) – Balmaceda (Patagonia region).
- Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport (PUQ) – Punta Arenas.
These airports connect domestic and international routes across the country.
Express Shipping from China to Chile

Benefits and Use Cases for Express Shipping
Express shipping offers several key advantages when shipping goods from China to Chile, particularly for time-sensitive shipments. The main benefits include:
- Faster Delivery Times:
Express shipping typically ensures delivery within 3 to 5 days, making it the ideal choice for urgent deliveries, last-minute orders, or seasonal goods. For example, during busy retail seasons like Black Friday or Christmas, businesses can depend on express shipping to deliver high-demand items on time. - Ideal for High-Value Goods:
Products such as electronics, jewelry, and medical supplies benefit greatly from the speed and security provided by express shipping. These goods require quick transportation to maintain their value and relevance in the market. - Reliability and Tracking:
Leading express carriers provide comprehensive tracking systems, allowing both senders and recipients to monitor the shipment’s progress in real-time. This transparency builds trust and enables businesses and customers to manage expectations regarding delivery dates.
Understanding Costs and Transit Times, Including DDP Options
When considering express shipping from China to Chile, it is important to understand both the costs and transit times:
- Cost:
Express shipping tends to be more costly than standard methods, with prices generally ranging from $6 to $8 per kilogram. For instance, shipping a 50-kilogram package could cost between $300 and $400, excluding any extra charges. - Transit Time:
Typically, express shipping takes between 3 to 5 days, which is significantly faster than other shipping methods. This speed is particularly advantageous for businesses needing to meet tight deadlines or customer demands.
Additional Charges:
- Fuel Surcharges:
These charges are variable, depending on fluctuations in fuel prices, and are added to the base shipping cost. - Handling Fees:
There may be additional fees for specialized handling, such as for fragile or sensitive items. - Insurance Costs:
While optional, insurance is highly recommended for high-value shipments to protect against potential damage or loss.
Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) Shipping
Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) is a shipping option that simplifies the import process by having the seller prepay all relevant duties and taxes. This method offers numerous benefits:
- Simplified Customs Clearance:
By pre-paying duties and taxes, shipments can clear customs much faster, minimizing the risk of delays. - Predictable Costs:
The buyer benefits from an all-inclusive shipping cost, with no surprises upon delivery. For instance, when shipping high-value electronics, opting for DDP ensures smooth delivery without unexpected customs charges. - Faster Delivery:
By settling all fees upfront, the delivery process becomes more efficient and predictable, ensuring goods reach their destination without unnecessary holdups.
For example, a company shipping high-value electronics to Chile may choose the DDP option to streamline customs processes, ensuring their products arrive promptly without any customs delays or extra costs.
Key Ports in China and Chile for Shipping

Major Chinese Ports for Exports to Chile
When exporting goods from China to Chile, it is essential to understand the key ports in China that handle such shipments. Prominent ports include Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. These major ports offer advanced infrastructure and comprehensive services, enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the shipping process.
- Shanghai Port:
As the world’s busiest container port, Shanghai handles more than 40 million TEUs each year. The port boasts state-of-the-art logistics and warehousing facilities, ensuring smooth operations and quick processing times. With its robust infrastructure and strategic location, Shanghai is an ideal port for businesses exporting electronics, machinery, and textiles. - Shenzhen Port:
Shenzhen, encompassing multiple ports like Yantian and Shekou, is a vital hub for China’s exports. It processes around 27 million TEUs annually and specializes in high-tech products and consumer goods. The port’s proximity to manufacturing centers and its efficient customs procedures contribute to faster shipping times and reduced costs. - Guangzhou Port:
Serving as a major port in southern China, Guangzhou handles approximately 23 million TEUs each year. The port is particularly advantageous for exporters dealing with industrial goods and raw materials. Its comprehensive range of services and efficient logistics support ensure timely and cost-effective shipping.
These key ports play pivotal roles in connecting China to global markets, including Chile. Businesses should select the most suitable port for their shipments based on factors such as location, type of cargo, and available shipping routes, helping to optimize their logistics.
Major French Ports for Imports from China

For businesses importing goods from China, it is essential to know the main entry points in Chile. The principal ports in Chile include San Antonio, Valparaíso, and Iquique, all of which offer extensive capabilities and efficient customs processes that simplify the importation of goods.
- San Antonio Port:
As the largest port in Chile, San Antonio handles over 18 million tons of cargo annually. It features modern container terminals and efficient customs clearance services, making it a preferred choice for importing goods such as consumer products, electronics, and industrial machinery. - Valparaíso Port:
Known for its efficiency, Valparaíso processes approximately 10 million tons of cargo annually. The port is equipped with advanced logistics infrastructure and quick customs procedures, ensuring that imports are delivered in a timely manner. It is especially suitable for perishable goods and high-value items due to its swift operations. - Iquique Port:
Located in northern Chile, Iquique serves as a key entry point for imports related to the mining industry and the northern regions. Handling about 4 million tons of cargo each year, it provides specialized services for bulk shipments and heavy machinery. Its efficient logistics and close proximity to mining areas make it an ideal choice for related imports.
Choosing the right port is crucial for improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the import process. Understanding the capabilities of each port helps businesses navigate the final leg of their shipments, directly impacting shipping times and costs.
Freight Forwarders from China to Chile

Role of Freight Forwarders in the Shipping Process
Freight forwarders play a vital role in managing international shipping from China to Chile. As intermediaries between shippers and transportation providers, they handle the logistics involved in moving goods across borders. Here’s how they contribute to the overall shipping process:
- Documentation Handling:
Freight forwarders ensure that all necessary documents are completed accurately and submitted on time. This includes bills of lading, commercial invoices, and packing lists. Proper documentation is critical to avoid delays and ensure compliance with international shipping regulations. - Customs Clearance:
Navigating customs procedures can be complicated, but freight forwarders streamline this process. They ensure compliance with all duties, taxes, and import regulations, minimizing the risk of penalties and delays during shipment clearance. - Cargo Tracking:
Freight forwarders offer real-time tracking, allowing businesses to monitor the status of their shipments from departure to arrival. This visibility helps manage customer expectations and ensures that goods arrive on time.
By providing these essential services, freight forwarders simplify the shipping process, enabling businesses to focus on their core activities without the complexities of international logistics.
Selecting the Right Freight Forwarder for Your Needs
Selecting the right freight forwarder is crucial to ensure a seamless and efficient shipping process. Here are some key factors to consider when choosing a freight forwarder:
- Experience with the China-Chile Shipping Route:
Seek forwarders with a strong background in managing shipments between China and Chile. Their experience will help them navigate specific regulatory requirements and avoid common issues along the way. - Network and Partnerships:
A forwarder with an extensive network of carriers and logistics partners can provide more flexible and reliable shipping options. Such a network ensures that they can offer multiple routes and methods, facilitating on-time delivery even during peak shipping seasons. - Service Range:
Consider the range of services the forwarder provides. In addition to basic shipping, look for value-added services such as warehousing, distribution, and insurance. These extra offerings can improve the overall efficiency of your supply chain. - Customer Service Reputation:
Examine reviews and testimonials to assess the forwarder’s customer service reputation. Good communication and responsive support are essential for addressing any issues that may arise during transit. - Ability to Handle Shipping Complexities:
Assess the forwarder’s capability to handle the complexities of international shipping, such as customs regulations, documentation needs, and logistical challenges. A competent forwarder will anticipate potential problems and implement solutions to ensure a smooth shipping experience.
For example, a company shipping electronics from Shenzhen to Santiago may choose a forwarder specializing in high-tech products, with strong partnerships with airlines and a proven history of reliable service. By carefully evaluating potential forwarders based on these criteria, businesses can ensure their logistics and shipping requirements are met efficiently and cost-effectively.
How to Ship from China to Chile: A Step-by-Step Guide

Preparing Your Shipment: Documentation, Packaging, and Labeling
Effective preparation is essential when shipping goods from China to Chile. Follow these steps to ensure smooth and successful shipping:
Documentation:
- Commercial Invoices: Provide detailed descriptions of the items, their values, and the terms of sale.
- Packing Lists: Include a comprehensive list of items with their respective weights and dimensions.
- Bills of Lading: Outline the shipment contract between the sender and the carrier.
Packaging:
- Quality Materials: Use durable boxes, crates, or pallets to ensure the safety of the goods during transit.
- Securing Cargo: Ensure items are packed securely by tightly arranging them and using straps or shrink wrap to prevent movement.
Labeling:
- Sender and Receiver Information: Clearly mark the addresses and contact details of both the sender and the recipient.
- Handling Instructions: Indicate any special instructions, such as whether the items are fragile or perishable.
- Compliance Marks: Include any necessary safety symbols and certifications required for the shipment.
By following these steps, you can ensure that your shipment is well-prepared for transport, minimizing the risk of delays or issues along the way.
Navigating Customs and Tracking Your Shipment
Customs Clearance:
- Duties and Taxes: Accurately declare the values of the goods and use the correct HS codes to avoid complications.
- Documentation: Ensure all necessary forms are completed accurately and submitted on time.
Tracking Your Shipment:
- Real-Time Tracking: Utilize tracking tools provided by freight forwarders or couriers for up-to-date information.
- Notification Systems: Set up alerts to receive updates on the status of your shipment.
For example, choosing a reliable forwarder with advanced tracking capabilities allows for real-time monitoring, ensuring that shipments from Shenzhen to Santiago are delivered on schedule.
By following these steps, businesses can guarantee compliance and ensure the smooth transit of goods from China to Chile.
Alibaba and Shipping: Streamlining the Process
Leveraging Alibaba for Efficient LCL, FCL, and Door-to-Door Shipping
Leveraging Alibaba for Efficient LCL, FCL, and Door-to-Door Shipping
Alibaba simplifies international shipping by offering options such as Less-than-Container Load (LCL), Full Container Load (FCL), and door-to-door services. These options provide flexibility based on shipment size and needs. LCL is ideal for smaller shipments, allowing you to share a container with other goods, while FCL is perfect for larger shipments that require a dedicated container. Additionally, door-to-door services streamline the process by handling everything from pickup at the supplier’s location to delivery at the final destination, making the shipping process more efficient.
Tips for Reducing Costs and Enhancing Efficiency through Alibaba
- Consolidate Shipments: If possible, combine multiple smaller orders into one shipment to take advantage of FCL pricing, reducing overall shipping costs.
- Negotiate with Suppliers and Freight Forwarders: Take advantage of Alibaba’s network to negotiate better shipping rates with both suppliers and freight forwarders.
- Use Alibaba’s Shipping Calculator: Use Alibaba’s shipping tools to estimate costs and transit times, helping you make informed decisions.
- Choose the Right Shipping Method: Select the most suitable shipping method based on your shipment’s size, urgency, and budget. LCL is cost-effective for smaller loads, while FCL offers better value for larger shipments.
- Plan Ahead for Seasonal Shipping: During peak seasons, like holidays, shipping demand is higher. Plan early to avoid delays and secure the best rates.
By utilizing Alibaba’s wide range of shipping solutions and optimizing the shipping process, businesses can significantly reduce costs and improve operational efficiency.